Due to the limitations of complex mineral composition and special embedding characteristics，it is difficult to achieve the ideal separation index in the traditional beneficiation process for oolitic hematite. In order to explore the reducibility of high phosphorus osophyllum hematite and the behavior of harmful impurities in the process of direct reduction，in this paper， the Changyang oolitic hematite in Yichang area， Hubei province is used to carry out direct reduction experiments by using three reducing agents，namely coal，CO and H₂ ，to investigate the mineral phase changes and reaction characteristics of the main components such as iron， phosphorus and aluminum during the reduction process. The Changyang oolitic hematite has an iron grade of 50. 53% ，a mass fraction of phosphorus and aluminum of 0. 83% and 3. 87% ， a mass fraction of calcium of 6. 73% ， and a binary alkalinity of 1. 03. Through Factsage thermodynamic software calculation，FeO produced during iron ore grading reduction easily reacts with aluminum-containing minerals to produce hard-to-reduce iron-aluminum spinel， thereby inhibiting the in-depth progress of the reduction reaction. In addition，the reduction behavior of aluminum-containing phases such as chamoisite is significantly improved in the presence of CaO flux，while the phosphorus elements in the phosphorus-containing phase tend to migrate at higher temperatures and are enriched in the metallic iron phase in the reduction products. Under the condition of reducing temperature of 1 050 ℃ and holding time of 90 min，coal，CO and H₂ are used as reducing agents to directly reduce the ore sample，and the metallization rates of the products are 83. 43% ，88. 90% and 96. 75% ， respectively. By analyzing the reduction products after ball milling and magnetic separation， the three reduction methods have little difference in dephosphorization effects，and the dephosphorization rate is maintained at about 70% ；while in terms of aluminum removal， H₂ reduction products show significant advantages，with its dealumination rate reaching 68. 33% ，which is significantly higher than the 45. 71% and 43. 55% corresponding to coal and CO reduction. XRD and SEM analysis results of direct reduced iron and magnetic separation tailings show that H₂ as the best reduction effect，which could destroy the dense oolite structure to the greatest extent，improve the magnetic separation process conditions，and increase the metallization rate.