The presence of alkali metal elements exacerbates the blockage risk of the piping system of the rotary hearth furnace equipment and the corrosion degree of the furnace lining structure，which not only threatens the continuous stability of the production process，but also affects the quality of the final product of the rotary hearth furnace. In this paper，the source composition and physicochemical properties of alkali metals are systematically analyzed. The migration and transformation behavior of alkali metals in the rotary hearth furnace and the internal mechanism of the bonding reaction between alkali metals and the inner wall of the equipment are deeply discussed; the pretreatment strategy of raw materials in the furnace，the optimization design of equipment process，and the recycling and treatment of products are multidimensionally and comprehensively considered，and a series of practical measures to effectively reduce the hazards of alkali metals are summarized and proposed，in order to provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the optimization， upgrading and stable operation of rotary hearth furnace process.