In view of the challenges of carbon emission reduction faced by the iron and steel metallurgical industry, a technical path for CO₂ capture by using bulk metallurgical solid wastes such as steel slag, has been proposed by researchers, which has received more and more attention and research in recent years. The characteristics of steel slag and its comprehensive utilization methods are summarized, focusing on the review and analysis of key theories and technologies of steel slag in the field of carbon capture. The frontier progress of CO₂ storage by steel slag mineralization, CO₂ fixation by steel slag building materials, and CO₂ capture materials prepared by steel slag are researched, while the problems and challenges faced in the field of CO₂ capture materials prepared by steel slag are deeply analyzed. Based on these analyses, the key points and technical research directions of future basic research are proposed, aiming to provide support and reference for the collaborative management and efficient utilization of waste in iron and steel enterprises.