With the increase of imported iron ore prices, making full use of cheap refractory iron ore resources has become the key for iron and steel enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Aiming at the problem of low utilization rate of refractory concentrates in sintering, a pre-pelletizing process based on composite agglomeration process is developed, which significantly increases the dosage of refractory concentrates and effectively improves the pelletizing effect and sintering output and quality index. The results show that, when the proportion of refractory concentrates reaches 36%, the average particle size of quasi-particles can be increased by 1.53 mm and the permeability index can be increased by 0.17 to pre-pelletizing and pelletizing. On this basis, the vertical sintering speed is increased by 13.97 mm/min, the utilization coefficient reaches 0.815 t/(m²·h), and the drum strength is increased by 3.39%. In the pre-pelletizing process, due to the separation of refractory concentrates, the granulation performance of conventional pelletizing material grain is optimized, the local alkalinity is improved, and a large number of needle-like calcium ferrite is formed. At the junction of conventional agglomeration and pellets material, solid-phase consolidation and liquid-phase consolidation exist at the same time, and calcium ferrite and iron oxides are intertwined to form a finished ore structure with pellet embedded distribution, which has good mineralization effect and strength performance.