In order to explore the cooling heat transfer law of gas-solid countercurrent of high-temperature sinter vertical cooling furnace, based on the Eulerian model and local non-thermodynamic equilibrium theory, a single parameter is changed to study the heat transfer process of sinter cooling furnace, and an energy efficiency model is constructed to evaluate the heat transfer effect in the vertical cooling furnace under different parameter changes. The results show that the sinter temperature in the cooling furnace is distributed in an "M" type along the radial direction, the cooling air pressure is distributed in a "Camelbak" type along the radial direction, and the cooling wind speed is distributed in a "Double Camelbak" type with high in the middle and low on both sides along the radial direction. In the process of heat exchange in the furnace, when the gas-solid ratio is increased, the height of the cooling section is increased, and the diameter of the cooling section is expanded, the cooling effect is enhanced, and the energy efficiency is reduced. When the diameter of the cooling section is expanded, the cooling effect is reduced and the energy efficiency is increased. When the gas-solid ratio, the inlet air temperature, and the height of the cooling section are increased, the resistance loss of the bed of material is increased, while when the diameter of the cooling section is expanded, the resistance loss of the bed of material is decreased. The results can provide a theoretical basis for determining the optimal parameters of the cooling furnace in the future.