The chrome sludge in the iron and steel metallurgy industry mainly comes from the water station sludge produced by chemical reduction, neutralization-precipitation and sludge pressing of chromium-containing wastewater discharged during steel rolling process. In order to reduce the harm of chrome sludge to the social environment, the chrome sludge from the sewage treatment station of an iron and steel work in central China is taken as the research object, the occurrence morphological characteristics of heavy metals in chrome sludge before and after incineration are explored by tubular furnace incineration experiments, and the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in chrome sludge are evaluated by Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and Risk Assessment Coding Method (RAC). The results show that the TCLP extract state of heavy metals in chrome sludge decreases significantly after incineration, among which the TCLP extract state of heavy metals Cr, Pb, Zn and Ni decreases by 99. 17%, 82. 92% , 51. 11% and 77. 86% , respectively, and the morphological distribution of heavy metals is almost dominated by residual form. The results of RAC risk evaluation show that the environmental risk of Cr in chrome sludge after incineration at 800 ℃ is extremely low. This study can provide a technical reference for the co-treatment of chrome sludge by sintering.