In-plant recycling method is considered to be the main way to realize a large amount of iron and steel metallurgical dust consumption. How to choose adhesive to prepare pellets so that their performance can meet the requirements of recycling is a problem that needs to be solved at present. The purpose of this paper is to explore the performance influence, effect and mechanism of sodium silicate, epoxy resin and other inorganic and organic adhesive acting on cooled agglomerated pellets, so as to prepare the composite cooled agglomerated pellets of iron and steel metallurgical dust which meet the direct reduction process of rotary hearth furnace. The results show that when the dosage of epoxy resin-sodium silicate adhesive is 5%, the hydroxyl on the polar groups in epoxy resin and the silicon hydroxyl groups on polysilicic acid molecules in sodium silicate solution form hydrogen bonding, which inhibit the polycondensation reaction between polysilicic acid molecules and further growth of colloidal particles. That is, by refining sodium silicate colloidal particles, the bulk density of pellet raw materials is increased, the number of macropores and the total pore volume are reduced, and the mechanical properties of green pellets and balling of pellets obtained meet the strength requirements of rotary hearth furnace process. The compressive strength of the finished test ball reaches 870.2 N/P, and it can still keep a good shape during high temperature smelting.