The iron-containing dust and sludge in the steel and non-steel industries is not only a solid waste, but also a valuable resource. Aiming at the problems that there are many types of iron-containing solid waste pollutants and the technical path for high-value recycling is unclear, the typical iron-containing solid waste in the fields of iron and steel process, vanadium chemical industry, sulfide industry and non-ferrous industry is taken as examples to discuss the mode of occurrence of main elements and the hazards of contaminated elements in solid waste. The influence of heavy and alkali metal pollutants such as K, Na, Zn, Tl, Cr and other heavy and alkali metal pollutants on the comprehensive disposal technology route of iron-containing solid waste is also clarified, which provides a technical reference for the low-cost, low-pollution and high-value disposal of iron-containing solid waste.