In order to find the optimal alkalinity conditions of magnesian low-silica pellets and improve the quality of pellets, the influence mechanism of alkalinity on the comprehensive metallurgical performance of pellets is discussed by studying the variation law of the metallurgical properties of magnesian low-silicon pellets at different alkalinity levels, and the ore phase structure, element distribution and pore size distribution of pellets under different alkalinity levels are analyzed, while the best alkalinity conditions for the comprehensive performance of pellets are determined by the grey correlation degree method. The results show that the compressive strength, reducibility and reduction expansion index of pellets increase and then decrease with the increase of alkalinity, and the compressive strength of pellets is relatively good at 0. 40 ~ 0. 80, the low temperature reduction pulverization performance is gradually deteriorated, the melting temperature interval shows an overall decreasing trend, and the maximum pressure difference of the material layer and the integrated permeability index are both gradually decreased, which indicates that the soft melting drip performance of the high alkalinity pellets is better than that of the low alkalinity pellets. Under the test conditions, the overall performance of the pellets is best when the alkalinity is 0. 60.