The uneven thermal deformation generated during the operation of ring cold machine leads to a series of problems such as unstable operation and jammed rails, which seriously affect the operational efficiency of ring cold machine and the economic benefits of the enterprise. In order to accurately predict the uneven spatial temperature and thermal deformation distribution of ring cold machine, the finite element method is used to analyze and study the temperature field and thermal deformation field of ring cold machine in Ansys temperature module and coupling module respectively, and the temperature of the equipment operation site is measured to support the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results. The results show that: the temperature gradient on the breast board of the equipment is obvious and decreasing from the upper part to the lower part, and the temperature field of ring cold machine can be divided into three areas according to the circumferential direction: high temperature region, medium temperature region and low temperature region according to the circumferential direction; the thermal deformation of ring cold machine is obvious, and the breast board shows a tendency to bend in the direction of the outer wall, and the side track deformation is undulating and fluctuating along the circumferential direction and reaches the maximum value in the high temperature region. The field experimental data and simulation results are in good fitness; indicating that the finite element analysis method adopted in this paper can accurately predict the spatial temperature effect of the structure during the operation of the equipment, and can provide reliable theoretical support for the installation guidance of the new ring cold machine.