In order to make better comprehensive utilization of dust from main sintering waste gas dedusting, taking the sinter machine feed end ESP dust of Xinjiang Bayi iron and steel plant as raw material, it is processed by the water immersion-acid leaching-neutralization-roasting process. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature and liquid-solid ratio on extracting potassium and sodium are investigated during water immersion. The effects of hydrochloric acid concentration and liquid-solid ratio on the decomposition rate are investigated during the acid leaching process. The results show that, under the conditions of reaction time 10 min, reaction temperature 100 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 4: 1 and secondary water immersion, the highest 100% and 97.72% extraction rate of potassium and sodium are achieved respectively; The decomposition rate of the leached residue is 88.28% at most under the conditions of 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid concentration, 88: 1 liquid-solid ratio and 109 ℃, and at this time, the total decomposition rate of sinter machine feed end ESP dust is 92.67%.